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COURSE_ASSIGNMENT_TITLE >> 9. Olvassa el „A szavak tisztázása” című rész „A szótisztázás lépései” című szakaszát.

A SZAVAK TISZTÁZÁSA

A meg nem értett szó mindaddig meg nem értett marad, amíg nem tisztázzák a jelentését. Amint a szót teljesen megértette a személy, azt mondjuk, hogy a szó le van tisztázva.

Azokat az eljárásokat, amelyek arra valók, hogy a szavakat, amelyeket a tanuló nem értett meg, megtaláljuk és tisztázzuk, szótisztázásnak nevezzük. Az első dolog, amit meg kell tanulni, az a pontos eljárás, amellyel tisztázzuk valami olyan szó vagy jel jelentését, amelyre olvasás vagy tanulás közben akadtunk, és amelyet nem értünk. Minden szótisztázási technológia ezt az eljárásmódot követi.

A szótisztázás lépései

1.Olvasás közben legyen kéznél egy szótár, hogy tisztázhasson minden meg nem értett szót vagy jelet, amelyre ráakad. Lehet találni olyan egyszerű, de jó szótárt, amely a szavak meghatározásain belül nem tartalmaz olyan nehéz szavakat, amelyeket szintén tisztázni kell.

2. Amikor belefut egy olyan szóba vagy jelbe, amelyet nem ért, keresse meg egy szótárban, azután gyorsan fussa át a meghatározásokat, és találja meg azt a jelentést, amelyik illik abba a szövegkörnyezetbe, amelyben nem értette a szót. Olvassa el azt a meghatározást, és addig alkosson mondatokat azzal a jelentéssel, amíg világos fogalma nem lesz a szónak arról a jelentéséről. Ez tíz vagy több mondatot is megkívánhat.

3. Azután tisztázza a szó összes többi meghatározását úgy, hogy mindegyikkel addig mond mondatokat, amíg világosan nem ért minden egyes meghatározást.

Amikor egy szónak több különböző meghatározása van, akkor a szóra vonatkozó megértését nem lehet mindössze egy meghatározásra korlátozni, és a szót mégis megértettnek nevezni. Akkor is képesnek kell lennie a szó megértésére, amikor egy későbbi időpontban máshogyan használják.

Ugyanakkor ne tisztázza a szaknyelvi vagy specializált (matematikai, biológiai stb.) meghatározásokat vagy az elavult (többé már nem használatos) vagy régies (régi és általánosan már nem használatos) meghatározásokat, hacsak nem ilyen értelemben használták a szót abban a szövegkörnyezetben, amelyben nem értette meg. Ha tisztázza ezeket, az számos más olyan szóhoz vezethet, amely ezekben a meghatározásokban van, és erősen lelassíthatja a haladását a tanulásban.

4. A következő teendő a szó eredetének tisztázása – vagyis annak a magyarázatnak a tisztázása, hogy eredetileg honnan származik a szó. Ez hozzásegít ahhoz, hogy alapvető megértést nyerjen a szóról.

5. A legtöbb szótár megadja a szóhoz tartozó idiómákat is. Az idióma olyan szókapcsolat vagy kifejezés, amelynek a jelentése nem érthető meg a szavak szokásos jelentése alapján. Például az „egy gyékényen árul valakivel” állandósult szókapcsolat a magyar nyelvben, amely azt jelenti, hogy „megértik egymást, cinkosok”. A magyar nyelvben jó néhány szót használunk idiómákban, és a szótárak ezeket általában magának a szónak a meghatározásaival együtt adják meg. Ha idiómák is tartoznak a szóhoz, amelyet tisztázunk, akkor tisztázzuk ezeket is.

6. Tisztázzon a szóval kapcsolatban megadott minden más tudnivalót is, mint például a szóhasználatra vonatkozó megjegyzéseket, rokon értelmű szavakat stb., hogy teljes fogalmi megértése legyen a szóról. (A rokon értelmű szó olyan szó, amelynek hasonló, de nem azonos a jelentése, mint egy másik szónak: például ilyen a „vékony” és a „sovány”.)

7.Ha az éppen tisztázás alatt álló szó meghatározásában egy meg nem értett szóval vagy jellel találkozik, akkor azt azonnal tisztáznia kell ugyanennek az eljárásmódnak az alkalmazásával, majd vissza kell térnie az éppen tisztázás alatt álló szóhoz. (A szótárban használt jelek és rövidítések általában meg vannak adva a szótár elején.) Viszont, ha azon kapja magát, hogy sok időt tölt a szavak meghatározásaiban található szavak tisztázásával, akkor szereznie kell egy egyszerűbb szótárt. Egy jó szótár lehetővé teszi, hogy anélkül tisztázzunk egy szót, hogy ennek során sok másiknak kellene utánanéznünk.

Példa a szótisztázásra
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A szavakat a fentiekben leírt módon kell tisztázni. Ha megértjük a szavakat, mód nyílik a kommunikációra, kommunikáció révén pedig bármely adott tárgy megérthető.